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General Jewish Labour Bund in Lithuania, Poland and Russia
The General Jewish Labour Bund of Lithuania, Poland and Russia ((イディッシュ語:אַלגעמײַנער ײדישער אַרבעטער בּונד אין ליטע פוילין און רוסלאַנד), ''Algemeyner Yidisher Arbeter Bund in Lite, Poyln un Rusland''), generally called The Bund ((イディッシュ語:בונד), cognate to (ドイツ語:Bund), meaning ''federation'' or ''union'') or the Jewish Labour Bund, was a secular Jewish socialist party in the Russian Empire, active between 1897 and 1920. Remnants of the party remain active in the diaspora as well as in Israel. A member of the Bund is called a ''Bundist'' (''Bundistn'' in the plural).
==Founding==
The "General Jewish Labour Bund in Russia and Poland" was founded in Vilnius on October 7, 1897. The name was inspired by the General German Workers' Association.〔 The Bund sought to unite all Jewish workers in the Russian Empire into a united socialist party, and also to ally itself with the wider Russian social democratic movement to achieve a democratic and socialist Russia. The Russian Empire then included Lithuania, Latvia, Belarus, Ukraine and most of present-day Poland, areas where the majority of the world's Jews then lived. They hoped to see the Jews achieve a legal minority status in Russia. Of all Jewish political parties of the time, the Bund was the most progressive regarding gender equality, with women making up more than one-third of all members.
In 1901, the word 'Lithuania' was added to the name of the party.〔Minczeles, Henri. ''Histoire générale du Bund: un mouvement révolutionnaire juif''. Paris: Editions Austral, 1995. p. 61〕
During the period of 1903–1904, the Bund was harshly affected by Czarist state repression. Between June 1903 and July 1904, 4,467 Bundists were arrested and jailed.〔Minczeles, Henri. ''Histoire générale du Bund: un mouvement révolutionnaire juif''. Paris: Editions Austral, 1995. p. 119〕
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